Glossary on Migration
INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
LAWLAW
N° 34N° 34
The opinions expressed in this Glossary
____________________________________________________
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Glossary on Migration
INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
LAWLAW
N° 34N° 34
iii
Glossary on Migration
First foreword
Glossary
António Vitorino
Director General
v
Glossary on Migration
Second foreword
Welcome to the IOM Glossary on Migraon
Glossary
Glossary
the Glossary
Glossary
Krisna Touzenis
vii
Glossary on Migration
Editorial, review and production
team
Editors:
IOM reviewers:
Academic reviewers:
Review by UN Organizaons:
Producon coordinaon and review:
Design and layout:
IOM team:
ix
Glossary on Migration
Acknowledgements
Glossary
on Migraon
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
1
Glossary on Migration
Introduction
Use of exisng glossaries
2
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Master Glossary of Terms
Asylum and Migraon Glossary 3.0
Recommendaons on Stascs of Internaonal
MigraonUNESCO’s Glossary of Migraon related
Terminology Max Planck Encyclopaedia of Public
Internaonal Law Black’s Law Diconary
Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Diconary of Internaonal Law
Entry format
term
source
Relaonal terms
note
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Glossary on Migration
Hierarchy of sources for denion selecon
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
5
Glossary on Migration
A
abduction
Source: Adapted from B.A. Garner (ed), Black’s Law Diconary (10th
edion, Westlaw, 2014).
Note
See also child abducon, kidnapping
absconding
See also risk of absconding
acceptance and approval
Source: Vienna Convenon on the Law of Treaes (adopted 23 May
1969, entered into force 27 January 1980) 1155 UNTS 331, Arts 2(1)
(b) and 15.
Note:
See also accession, racaon
A
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
accession
Source: Vienna Convenon on the Law of Treaes (adopted 23 May
1969, entered into force 27 January 1980) 1155 UNTS 331, Arts 2(1)
(b) and 15.
Note:
See also acceptance and approval, racaon
acquisition of nationality
Source: European Union Democracy Observatory on Cizenship, The
EUDO Glossary on Cizenship and Naonality (2008–2016).
Note:
See also jus sanguinis, jus soli, naonality, naturalizaon
administrative detention
Note:
See also deprivaon of liberty, detenon (migraon)
A
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Glossary on Migration
admission (into a State)
Note:
admission ban
See also entry ban
adoption
Source: B.A. Garner (ed), Black’s Law Diconary (10th edion, Westlaw,
2014).
Note:
See also intercountry adopon
age assessment
Source: Adapted from European Migraon Network, Asylum and
Migraon Glossary 3.0 (2014).
Note:
A
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
agreement (international)
Source: A. Cassese, Internaonal Law (2nd edion, Oxford University
Press, 2005) p. 170.
Note:
See also bilateral labour migraon agreement, convenon, treaty
alert list
See also lookout list
alien
Source: Internaonal Law Commission, Dra Arcles on the Expulsion
of Aliens, with Commentaries (2014) UN Doc. A/69/10, Art. 2(b).
Note:
See also foreigner, migrant, non-naonal
A
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Glossary on Migration
alternatives to detention
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Detenon Coalion, There Are
Alternaves: A Handbook for Prevenng Unnecessary Immigraon
Detenon (revised edion, 2015) p. 78.
Note:
See also bail, non-custodial measures, surety
alternative care (for children)
Source: L. Melville Fulford, Alternave Care in Emergencies (ACE) Toolkit,
Extended Guidance (Save the Children, 2012) p. 9.
Note:
See also caregiver (customary primary)
amnesty
A
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ancestry-based residence/nationality
appeal
Source: B.A. Garner (ed), Black’s Law Diconary (10th edion, Westlaw,
2014).
applicant
See also bona de applicant, principal applicant, rejected applicant
application
armed conict
Source: Adapted from Prosecutor v Tadic (Jurisdicon) ITCY-94-1
(2 October 1995) para. 70.
Note:
A
11
Glossary on Migration
See also drivers of migraon, root causes of migraon
arrival/departure card
Note: .
A
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See also migraon card
assets forfeiture
Note:
assimilation
Note:
See also integraon, mulculturalism
assisted migration
assisted voluntary return and reintegration
A
13
Glossary on Migration
Note:
See also country of origin, reintegraon, spontaneous return,
sustainable reintegraon, voluntary repatriaon, voluntary return
asylum
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, Reselement
Handbook (2011) p. 407.
Note:
See also asylum (diplomac), complementary protecon (internaonal),
internaonal protecon, right to seek and enjoy asylum
asylum (diplomatic)
A
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
Queson of Diplomac Asylum
See also asylum
asylum seeker
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, Master
Glossary of Terms (2006).
See also asylum, asylum (diplomac), internaonal protecon,
migrant, refugee
A
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Glossary on Migration
B
bail
Source: Adapted from Amnesty Internaonal, Irregular Migrants and
Asylum seekers: Alternaves to Immigraon Detenon (2009) p. 13.
See also alternaves to detenon, bond, guarantee, non-custodial
measures, surety
best interests of the child (principle of)
Source: Commiee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No.
14 on the Right of the Child to Have His or Her Best Interests Taken as a
Primary Consideraon (Art. 3, para. 1) (29 May 2013) UN Doc. CRC/C/
GC/14, para. 6.
Note: cle
B
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
UNHCR Guidelines on Determining the Best
Interests of the Child
bilateral labour arrangements
Note:
bilateral labour migration agreements
are
Note:
See also agreement, labour migraon, treaty
biometrics
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon (IOM),
IOM Data Protecon Manual (2010) p. 109; and IOM, Biometrics and
Internaonal Migraon (2005) Internaonal Migraon Law Series
No. 5, p. 6.
B
17
Glossary on Migration
Note:
See also electronic passport
birth certicate
Note:
birth registration
Source: Adapted from United Naons Children’s Fund (UNCIEF), Birth
Registraon Right from the Start (2002) Innocen Digest 9, p. 2.
Note:
Birth Registraon Right from the Start
Birth Registraon and
the Right to Everyone to Recognion Everywhere as a Person before
the Law
bona de applicant
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
18
See also applicant
bond
Source: Amnesty Internaonal, Irregular Migrants and Asylum seekers:
Alternave to Immigraon Detenon (2009) p. 13.
See also alternaves to detenon, bail, guarantee, non-custodial
measures, surety
border checks
Source: Praccal Handbook for Border Guards (Schengen
Handbook) annexed to Council of the European Union, Commission
Recommendaon Establishing a Common “Praccal Handbook for
Border Guards (Schengen Handbook)” to Be Used by Member States’
Competent Authories when Carrying out the Border Control of Persons
(9 November 2006) EU Doc 15010/06, para. 12.
See also borders (internaonal), border control, border control point/
crossing point, border management, border surveillance
border control
See also borders (internaonal), border checks, border control point/
crossing point, border management, border surveillance
B
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Glossary on Migration
border control point/crossing point
Source: Adapted from Regulaon (EC) No 562/2006 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 establishing a
Community Code on the rules governing the movement of persons
across borders (Schengen Borders Code) [2006] OJ L 105/1, Art. 2(8).
See also borders (internaonal), border checks, border control, border
surveillance, point of entry, point of exit
border delimitation
Source: Adapted from J. Grant and J. Barker (eds), Parry and Grant
Encyclopedic Diconary of Internaonal Law (3rd edion, Oxford
University Press, 2009).
See also boundary, borders (internaonal)
border governance
Source: Adapted from United Naons Oce of the High Commissioner
for Human Rights, Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human
Rights at Internaonal Borders (2014) p. 5.
See also borders (internaonal), border management
border health
,
B
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: Adapted from M. L. Zúñiga, “Border Health” in S. Loue and
M. Sajatovic (eds), Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health (Springer, 2015)
pp. 299–305.
See also cross-border health
border management
Note:
See also borders (internaonal), border governance
border ocial
Source: Adapted from United Naons Oce of the High Commissioner
for Human Rights, Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human
Rights at Internaonal Borders (2014) p. 4.
Note:
B
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Glossary on Migration
See also borders (internaonal), border governance, border
management
borders (international)
Source: Adapted from United Naons Oce of the High Commissioner
for Human Rights, Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human
Rights at Internaonal Borders (2014) p. 4.
Note:
See also border delimitaon, border checks, border control, border
control point/crossing point, border governance, border management,
border ocial, border surveillance, froner, sovereignty, boundary
border surveillance
Source: Praccal Handbook for Border Guards (Schengen
Handbook) annexed to Council of the European Union, Commission
Recommendaon Establishing a Common “Praccal Handbook for
Border Guards (Schengen Handbook)” to Be Used by Member States’
Competent Authories when Carrying out the Border Control of Persons
(9 November 2006) EU Doc 15010/06, para. 13.
See also borders (internaonal), border checks, border control, border
control point/crossing point
B
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boundary
Source: Adapted from J. Law (ed), A Diconary of Law (8th edion,
Oxford University Press, 2015).
Note:
A Diconary of Law
See also border delimitaon, borders (internaonal), froner
brain circulation
Note:
brain drain
Note:
See also skilled migrant worker
B
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Glossary on Migration
brain gain
See also skilled migrant worker
brain waste
build back better
Source: Terminology
on Disaster Risk Reducon (last accessed 12 March 2019).
Note:
B
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
burden of proof
Source: B.A. Garner (ed), Black’s Law Diconary (10th edion, Westlaw,
2014).
Note:
Note on Burden
and Standard of Proof in Refugee Claims
See also standard of proof
B
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Glossary on Migration
C
caregiver (customary primary)
Source: L. Melville Fulford, Alternave Care in Emergencies (ACE) Toolkit,
Extended Guidance (Save the Children 2012) p. 9.
Note:
Alternave Care in Emergencies (ACE) Toolkit, Extended
Guidance
See also alternave care (for children)
carrier
See also carrier liability, carrier sancons, commercial carrier
carrier liability
Source: Adapted from Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by
Land, Sea and Air, Supplemenng the United Naons Convenon
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
against Transnaonal Organized Crime (adopted 15 November 2000,
entered into force 28 January 2004) 2241 UNTS 507, Art. 11(3).
See also carrier, carrier sancons, commercial carrier
carrier sanctions
Note:
See also carrier, carrier liability, commercial carrier
certicate of identity
Note:
See also identy document, travel document, travel documents
(Convenon)
cessation clauses (refugee)
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, Master
Glossary of Terms (2006) p. 5.
Note:
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Glossary on Migration
See also refugee (1951 Convenon)
change/switching of status
Note:
child
Source: Convenon on the Rights of the Child (adopted 20 November
1989, entered into force 2 September 1990) 1577 UNTS 3, Art. 1.
See also minor, separated children, unaccompanied children
child abduction
T
Source: Adapted from Convenon on the Civil Aspects of Internaonal
Child Abducon (adopted 25 October 1980, entered into force 1
December 1983) 1343 UNTS 89, Art. 3.
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
See also child tracking
child exploitation
Source: Adapted from Convenon on the Rights of the Child (adopted
20 November 1989, entered into force 2 September 1990) 1577 UNTS
3, Arts 32, 34 and 35.
See also child labour, exploitaon, tracking in persons, worst forms
of child labour
child labour (prohibited)
Source: Adapted from Convenon on the Rights of the Child (adopted
20 November 1989, entered into force 2 September 1990) 1577 UNTS
3, Art. 32.
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Glossary on Migration
Note:
See also child exploitaon, tracking in persons, worst forms of child
labour
child tracking
Source: Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Tracking in Persons,
Especially Women and Children, Supplemenng the United Naons
Convenon against Transnaonal Organized Crime (adopted 15
November 2000, entered into force 25 December 2003) 2237 UNTS
319, Art. 3(c).
Note:
See also child abducon, child labour, exploitaon, tracking in
persons, worst forms of child labour
circular migration
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Source: Adapted from Commission of the European Communies,
Communicaon from the Commission to the European Parliament,
the Council, the European Economic and Social Commiee and
the Commiee of the Regions on Circular Migraon and Mobility
Partnerships between the European Union and Third Countries (16 May
2007) COM(2007) 248 nal, p. 8.
Note:
See also labour migraon, migraon, temporary migraon
citizen
See also cizenship, naonality
citizenship
See also cizen, naonal
civil and political rights
Note:
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Glossary on Migration
See also economic, social and cultural rights, human rights
clandestine migration
climate migration
Source: Warsaw Internaonal Mechanism, Execuve Commiee, Acon
Area 6: Migraon, Displacement and Human Mobility - Submission
from the Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon (IOM, 2016); M.
Traore Chazalnoël and D. Ionesco, Dening Climate Migrants – Beyond
Semancs (IOM weblog, 6 June 2016) (last accessed 23 May 2018).
Note:
See also environmental migrant, environmental migraon, migraon
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climate/environmental refugee
displaced persons
Note:
31 Melbourne Journal of Internaonal Law
See also climate migraon
coercion
Source: Adapted from United Naons Oce on Drugs and Crime,
Model Law Against Tracking in Persons (2009) p. 11 (as found in US
State Department, Model Law to Combat Tracking in Persons (2003)
p. 11).
Note:
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Glossary on Migration
See also forced/compulsory labour, forced migraon, tracking in
persons
collective expulsion
Source: Adapted from Andric v Sweden App no 45917/99 (ECtHR, 23
February 1999) para. 1.
Note:
See also mass expulsion
commercial carrier
Source: Adapted from United Naons Oce on Drugs and Crime,
Model Law Against Tracking in Persons (2009) p. 11 (as found in US
State Department Model Law to Combat Tracking in Persons (2003)
p. 11).
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
See also carrier, carrier liability, carrier sancons
community of origin
See also home community
community stabilization
C
"exclusion clauses", "
"?
35
Glossary on Migration
complementary pathways for refugee
admission
Source: Adapted from United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees,
The Global Compact on Refugees, General Assembly Ocial Records,
UN Doc. A/73/12 (Part II) (13 September 2018) para. 94.
Note:
See also complementary protecon (internaonal), discreonary
forms of protecon, humanitarian admission, humanitarian visa,
internaonal protecon, pathways for migrants in vulnerable
situaons, regular migraon pathways, temporary protecon and stay
arrangements (TPSAs)
complementary protection (international)
Source: Adapted from United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees,
Reselement Handbook (2011) p. 408.
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
See also asylum, asylum seeker, refugee (mandate), refugee (1951
Convenon), humanitarian admission, internaonal protecon, non-
refoulement (principle of), temporary protecon or stay arrangements
consular protection and assistance (right to)
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Glossary on Migration
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the
Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families ((adopted
18 December 1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3, Arts
23 and 65.
Note:
Internaonal Migraon Law: Developing
Paradigms and Key Challenges
See also consular funcons, consular ocers, consular registraon
consular functions
Source: Adapted from Vienna Convenon on Consular Relaons
(adopted 24 April 1963, entered into force 19 March 1967) 596 UNTS
261) Art. 5.
Note:
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also consular protecon and assistance (right to), consular
ocers, consular registraon
consular ocers
Source: Vienna Convenon on Consular Relaons (adopted 24 April
1963, entered into force 19 March 1967) 596 UNTS 261) Art. 1(1)(d).
See also consular protecon and assistance (right to), consular
funcons, consular registraon
consular registration
Note: The object of consular registraon is to facilitate the acon of the
consular mission, parcularly the exercise of consular protecon.
See also consular protecon and assistance (right to), consular
funcons, consular ocers
contiguous zone
Source: Adapted from United Naons Convenon on the Law of the Sea
(adopted 10 December 1982, entered into force 16 November 1994)
1833 UNTS 3, Art. 33(2).
Note:
See also high seas, territorial sea
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Glossary on Migration
contract worker (temporary)
See also guest worker, circular migraon, labour mobility, migrant
worker, project-ed worker, specied-employment worker
convention treaty
See also agreement (internaonal)
counselling (medical)
Note:
See also informed consent (medical)
country of destination
Note:
See also host country, receiving country, State of employment
country of origin
See also home country, State of origin
country of transit
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the
Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families (adopted
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
18 December 1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3,
Art. 6(c).
Note:
Situaon of Migrants in
Transit
See also State of transit
country of usual residence
Note:
Recommendaons on Stascs of
Internaonal Migraon
See also country of origin, habitual residence, residence, usual residence
credibility assessment
crimes, international
crimes against humanity
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Glossary on Migration
Source: Adapted from Rome Statute of the Internaonal Criminal Court
(adopted 17 July 1998, entered into force 1 July 2002) 2187 UNTS 3)
Art. 7.
See also exclusion clauses, internaonal crimes
cross-border displacement
Source: Adapted from The Advisory Group on Climate Change and
Human Mobility, Human Mobility in the Context of Climate Change
(Recommendaons from the Advisory Group on Climate Change and
Human Mobility COP 20 Lima, Peru, (2014)).
Note:
See also crisis-migraon, disaster displacement, displacement, internal
displacement
cross-border health
cultural diversity
Source: European Migraon Network, European Migraon Network
Asylum and Migraon Glossary 3.0 (2014).
cultural pluralism
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: United Naons Educaonal, Scienc and Cultural Organizaon,
Universal Declaraon on Cultural Diversity (adopted 2 November 2001)
Art. 2.
Note:
custodial measures
customary international law
Source: Adapted from Statute of the Internaonal Court of Jusce
(adopted 24 October 1945, entered into force 24 October 1945)
Art. 38(1)(b); North Sea Connental Shelf Cases (Federal Republic of
Germany/Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany/Netherlands) [1969]
ICJ Rep, para. 77.
Note:
See also general principles of law
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Glossary on Migration
D
D
data protection
Source: Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon (IOM), IOM Data
Protecon Manual (2010) p. 13.
debt bondage
Source: Adapted from Supplementary Convenon on the Abolion of
Slavery, the Slave Trade and Abolion of Pracces Similar to Slavery
(adopted 30 April 1956, entered into force 30 April 1957) 266 UNTS 3,
Art. 1(a).
See also exploitaon, forced/compulsory labour, servitude, slavery,
tracking in persons, sexual exploitaon
degrading treatment
Source: Adapted from, among others, Khlaia and Others v Italy App no
16483/12 (ECtHR, 15 December 2016) para. 169.
Note:
re and
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also inhuman treatment, non-refoulement (principle of), torture
dependant
Note:
See also members of the family
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45
Glossary on Migration
deportation
expulsion.
Source: Adapted from V. Chetail, The Transfer and Deportaon of
Civilians in A. Clapham, P. Gaeta and M. Sassòli (eds), The Geneva
Convenons: A Commentary (Oxford University Press 2015) pp. 1188–
1190.
Note:
The Geneva Convenons: A Commentary
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also displacement, evacuaon, expulsion, forcible transfer, forced
return, removal, war crimes
deportation order
See also expulsion order, removal order, war crimes
deprivation of liberty
Source: United Naons General Assembly, United Naons Rules for the
Protecon of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty (14 December 1990)
UN Doc. A/RES/45/113, Annex, para. 11(b); and Oponal Protocol to
the Convenon against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment (adopted 18 December 2002, entered into
force 22 June 2006) Art. 4(2).
Note:
See also administrave detenon, custodial measures, detenon
(migraon), restricon of liberty
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Glossary on Migration
deprivation of nationality
T
Source: Adapted from R. Hofmann, Denaturalizaon and Forced Exile in
R. Wolfrum (ed), The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public Internaonal
Law (Oxford University Press, 2014).
Note:
See also loss of naonality, naonality
deskilling
See also brain waste
detained person
Source: United Naons General Assembly, Body of Principles for the
Protecon of All Persons under Any Form of Detenon or Imprisonment
(1988) UN Doc. A/RES/43/173.
See also administrave detenon, deprivaon of liberty, detenon
(migraon), restricon of liberty
detention (migration)
Source: Internaonal Detenon Coalion, There Are Alternaves: A
Handbook for Prevenng Unnecessary Immigraon Detenon (revised
edion 2015) p. 79.
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
See also administrave detenon, deprivaon of liberty, restricon of
liberty
detention centre (migration)
Note:
D
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Glossary on Migration
See also deprivaon of liberty, detenon (migraon), holding centre,
recepon facilies
diaspora
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, IOM’s
Strategy to Enable, Engage and Empower Diaspora (n.d.) 1.
Note:
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
diplomatic asylum
diplomatic protection
Source: Internaonal Law Commission, Dra Arcles on Diplomac
Protecon with commentaries (2006) in UN Doc. A/61/10, Art. 1.
Note:
disaster
Source: United Naons General Assembly, Report of the Open-
Ended Intergovernmental Expert Working Group on Indicators and
Terminology Relang to Disaster Risk Reducon (1 December 2016) UN
Doc. A/71/644, p. 13.
Note:
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Glossary on Migration
See also disaster displacement, disaster risk, disaster risk reducon,
early warning system (disaster), hazard
disaster displacement
Source: Adapted from The Nansen Iniave, Agenda for the Protecon
of Cross-Border Displaced Persons in the Context of Disasters and
Climate Change (Vol. 1, December 2015) p. 16.
Note:
See also cross-border displacement, disaster, displacement, internally
displaced persons
disaster risk
Source: United Naons General Assembly, Report of the Open-
Ended Intergovernmental Expert Working Group on Indicators and
Terminology Relang to Disaster Risk Reducon, UN Doc. A/71/644 (1
December 2016) p. 14.
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
Global Disaster Displacement Risk: A Baseline
for Future Work
See also disaster, disaster displacement, disaster risk reducon, early
warning system
disaster risk reduction
Source: Adapted from United Naons General Assembly, Report of the
Open-Ended Intergovernmental Expert Working Group on Indicators
and Terminology Relang to Disaster Risk Reducon, UN Doc. A/71/644
(1 December 2016) p. 16.
Note:
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Glossary on Migration
Agenda for the Protecon of Cross-
Border Displaced Persons in the Context of Disaster and Climate
ChangeIOM Compendium of Acvies on DRR
and Resilience Outlook on Migraon, Environment
and Climate ChangeThe Atlas of Environmental
Migraon
See also build back beer, disaster, disaster displacement, disaster risk,
early warning system
discretionary forms of protection
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Commission of Jurists, Migraon
and Internaonal Human Rights Law: Praconers Guide No. 6 (2011)
p. 83.
Note:
See also complementary protecon (internaonal), humanitarian
admission, humanitarian protecon, humanitarian visa, internaonal
protecon, temporary protecon or stay arrangements
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discrimination
Source: Human Rights Commiee, General Comment No. 18: Non-
Discriminaon (10 November 1989) para. 7 in UN Doc. HRI/GEN/1/
Rev.1, 26.
Note:
See also non-discriminaon (principle of), racial discriminaon, racism,
xenophobia
disengaged combatant
Source: Adapted from United Naons Disarmament, Demobilizaon
and Reintegraon Resource Centre, “ex-combatant”, General Integrated
Disarmament, Demobilizaon, and Reintegraon Standards, 1.20
Glossary: Terms and Denions (1 August 2006) p. 7.
Note:
“ex-
combatant”, General Integrated Disarmament, Demobilizaon,
and Reintegraon Standards, 1.20 Glossary: Terms and Denions
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Glossary on Migration
See also armed conict, humanitarian law (internaonal)
displaced persons
Source: Adapted from Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement,
annexed to United Naons Commission on Human Rights, Report of
the Representave of the Secretary-General, Mr Francis M. Deng,
Submied Pursuant to Commission Resoluon 1997/39, Addendum
(11 February 1998) UN Doc. E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, 5, para. 2 of the
introducon.
See also internally displaced persons, migrant, refugee (mandate),
refugee (prima facie), refugee (1951 Convenon)
displacement
Source: Adapted from Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement,
annexed to United Naons Commission on Human Rights, Report of the
Representave of the Secretary-General, Mr Francis M. Deng, Submied
Pursuant to Commission Resoluon 1997/39, Addendum (11 February
1998) UN Doc. E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, para. 2 of the introducon.
Note:
D
56
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
i
See also cross-border displacement, deportaon, disaster
displacement, evacuaon, forced migraon, forcible transfer, human
mobility, internally displaced persons, mass evacuaon, migraon,
protracted displacement
documented migrant
Source: Adapted from the Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon
of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
(adopted 18 December 1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS
3, Art. 5(a).
Note:
D
57
Glossary on Migration
See also documented migrant worker, migrant, regular migraon,
undocumented migrant
documented migrant worker
Source: Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the Rights of All
Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (adopted 18 December
1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3, Art. 5(a).
See also migrant, migrant worker, regular migraon
domestic remedies (exhaustion of)
Source: Adapted from J. Grant and J. Barker (eds), Parry and Grant
Encyclopedic Diconary of Internaonal Law (3rd edion, Oxford
University Press, 2009).
Note:
domicile
D
58
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: B.A. Garner (ed), Black’s Law Diconary (10th edion, Westlaw,
2014).
See also habitual residence, residence, usual residence
drivers of migration
Note:
See also push-pull factors, root causes
dual/multiple nationality
See also naonality
due process
D
59
Glossary on Migration
Source: Adapted from United Naons Oce of the High Commissioner
for Human Rights, Counter-Terrorism Implementaon Task Force
(CTITF), Right to a Fair Trial and Due Process in the Context of Countering
Terrorism (CTITF Publicaon Series October 2014) 4, para. 5.
Note:
See also fair trial
durable solution (refugees)
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, Master
Glossary of Terms (2006).
Note:
See also integraon, refugee (1951 Convenon), refugee (mandate),
refugee (prima facie), reintegraon, reselement (refugees),
sustainable reintegraon, voluntary repatriaon
durable solution (internally displaced persons)
D
60
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: Adapted from United Naons Human Rights Council, Report
of the Representave of the Secretary-General on the Human Rights
of Internally Displaced Persons, Walter Kälin, Addendum, Framework
on Durable Soluons for Internally Displaced Persons (2009) UN Doc.
A/HRC/13/21/Add.4, para. 8.
Note:
IASC Framework on
Durable Soluons for Internally Displaced Persons
See also integraon, internally displaced persons, reintegraon,
selement elsewhere in the country, sustainable reintegraon
D
61
Glossary on Migration
E
E
early warning system (disaster)
Source: United Naons General Assembly, Report of the Open-
Ended Intergovernmental Expert Working Group on Indicators and
Terminology Relang to Disaster Risk Reducon, UN Doc. A/71/644
(1 December 2016) p. 18.
Note:
See also disaster, disaster displacement, disaster risk, disaster risk
reducon, hazard
economic migrant
Note:
62
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also migrant worker
economic migration
Note:
See also labour migraon
electronic passport
See also biometrics, identy document, passport, travel document
economic, social and cultural rights
Source: United Naons Oce of the High Commissioner for Human
Rights, Frequently Asked Quesons on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights (2008) p. 1.
E
63
Glossary on Migration
Note:
See also civil and polical rights, human rights
emigrant
Source: Adapted from United Naons Department of Economic and
Social Aairs, “long-term migrants”, Recommendaons on Stascs of
Internaonal Migraon, Revision 1 (1998) p. 18.
Note:
Recommendaons on Stascs of
Internaonal Migraon
See also emigraon
E
64
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
emigration
See also emigrant
entry
See also admission (into a State)
entry ban
Source: Adapted from European Migraon Network, European
Migraon Network Asylum and Migraon Glossary 3.0 (2014).
See also admission ban
entry stamp
See also entry, exit stamp, identy document, travel document
environmental migrant
Source: Council of the Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon (IOM),
Discussion Note: Migraon and the Environment (November 2007)
MC/INF/288; IOM, Internaonal Dialogue on Migraon (no. 18) Climate
Change, Environmental Degradaon and Migraon (2012); IOM,
Outlook on Migraon, Environment and Climate Change (2014).
E
65
Glossary on Migration
Note:
See also climate migraon, environmental migraon, migrant
environmental migration
Note:
See also climate migraon, environmental migrant
evacuation
Source: Global Protecon Cluster Working Group, Handbook for the
Protecon of Internally Displaced Persons (2010) p. 503.
Note:
E
66
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
The MEND Guide: Comprehensive Guide for planning mass
evacuaons in disasters
Customary
Internaonal Humanitarian Law
See also deportaon, displacement, forcible transfer, mass evacuaon
exclusion clauses (international protection)
E
67
Glossary on Migration
Source: Adapted from United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees,
Master Glossary of Terms (2006).
Note:
See also internaonal crimes, internaonal protecon, complementary
protecon (internaonal), crimes against humanity, genocide, refugee
(1951 Convenon), refugee (mandate), refugee status determinaon,
war crimes
exit stamp
See also entry stamp, identy document, travel document
exit visa
expatriate
Note:
E
68
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also migrant, renunciaon of naonality
exploitation
Note:
See also child exploitaon, debt bondage, forced/compulsory labour,
servitude, slavery, tracking in persons, sexual exploitaon
expulsion
Source: Adapted from United Naons, Internaonal Law Commission,
Dra Arcles on the Expulsion of Aliens, with Commentaries (2014)
Art. 2(a).
Note:
E
69
Glossary on Migration
Max Planck
Encyclopedia of Public Internaonal Law
See also deportaon, expulsion order, forced return, refoulement,
removal
expulsion order
Note:
See also deportaon order, expulsion, removal order
extradition
E
70
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
the sentence or
Source: Adapted from I.A. Shearer, Starke’s Internaonal Law
(Buerworths, 1994) p. 137.
Note:
extraterritorial processing
Note:
See also oshore processing
E
71
Glossary on Migration
F
F
facilitated migration
Note:
fair trial
Note:
See also due process
family members
family migration
72
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon,
Internaonal Dialogue on Migraon: Migraon and Families (2015) p. 33.
See also family reunicaon (right to)
family reunication (right to)
Source: Adapted from Council Direcve 2003/86/EC of 22 September
2003 on the right to family reunicaon [2003] OJ L 251/12.
See also family migraon, family unity (right to)
family unity (right to)
Note:
See also family reunicaon (right to)
F
73
Glossary on Migration
feminization of migration
Note:
Internaonal Migraon
Report 2015
rst country of asylum
Source: Adapted from United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees,
Legal Consideraons on the Return of Asylum seekers and Refugees
from Greece to Turkey as Part of the EU-Turkey Cooperaon in Tackling
the Migraon Crisis under the Safe Third Country and First Country of
Asylum Concept (23 March 2016) p. 1.
Note:
F
74
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Legal Consideraons on the Return of
Asylum seekers and Refugees from Greece to Turkey as Part of the
EU-Turkey Cooperaon in Tackling the Migraon Crisis under the
Safe Third Country and First Country of Asylum Concept
See also safe third country
tness for travel
Note:
F
75
Glossary on Migration
See also pre-embarkaon checks, signicant medical condion
ag State
Source: Adapted from United Naons Convenon on the Law of the Sea
(adopted 10 December 1982, entered into force 16 November 1994)
1833 UNTS 3, Art. 91(1).
Note:
ow (migrant)
forced/compulsory labour
Source: Convenon (No 29) concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour
(adopted 28 June 1930, entered into force 1 May 1932) 39 UNTS 55,
Art. 2(1).
Note:
F
76
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also debt bondage, exploitaon, servitude, slavery, tracking in
persons, sexual exploitaon
forced displacement displacement
forced eviction
Source: The Brookings Instuon – University of Bern Project on Internal
Displacement, IASC Framework on Durable Soluons for Internally
Displaced Persons (2010) p. 57.
Note:
forced marriage
Source: Adapted from Convenon on Consent to Marriage, Minimum
Age for Marriage and Registraon of Marriages (adopted 7 November
1962, entered into force 9 December 1964) 521 UNTS 231, Art. 1.
Note:
F
77
Glossary on Migration
See also exploitaon, servitude, slavery
forced migration
Note:
See also asylum seeker, displacement, drivers of migraon, internally
displaced persons, refugee (mandate), refugee (1951 Convenon),
vicm of tracking in human beings
forced return
Source: Adapted from European Migraon Network, European
Migraon Network Asylum and Migraon Glossary 3.0 (2014).
See also deportaon, expulsion, refoulement, removal
forcible transfer
Source: Adapted from V. Chetail, The Transfer and Deportaon of
Civilians in A. Clapham, P. Gaeta and M. Sassòli (eds), The Geneva
Convenons: A Commentary (Oxford University Press 2015) pp. 1188–
1190.
Note:
F
78
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
The Geneva Convenons: A Commentary
Customary Internaonal Humanitarian Law
See also deportaon, displacement, evacuaon, forced displacement
foreign worker
foreigner
See also alien, migrant, non-naonal, third-country naonal
F
79
Glossary on Migration
fraud
Source: B.A. Garner, Black’s Law Diconary (10th edion, Westlaw,
2014).
Note:
See also identy fraud
fraudulent document
Source: Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air,
supplemenng the United Naons Convenon against Transnaonal
Organized Crime (adopted 15 November 2000, entered into force 28
January 2004) 2241 UNTS 507, Art. 3(c).
Note:
freedom of movement (right to)
Source: Adapted from Universal Declaraon of Human Rights (adopted
10 December 1948) UNGA Res 217(A), Art. 13.
entry and residence into another State that is a party to the
F
80
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
See also restricon of liberty, right to leave, right to return
frontier
F
81
Glossary on Migration
Source: Black’s Law Diconary (10th edion, Westlaw,
2014).
Note:
See also borders (internaonal), boundary
frontier worker
Source: Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the Rights of All
Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (adopted 18 December
1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3, Art. 2(2)(a).
See also inerant worker, migrant worker
F
83
Glossary on Migration
G
gender
Source: UN Women, Gender Mainstreaming in Development
Programming (2014) p. 46.
Note:
gender-based violence
Source: Adapted from Inter-Agency Standing Commiee, Guidelines
for Integrang Gender-Based Violence Intervenons in Humanitarian
Acon: Reducing risk, promong resilience and aiding recovery (2015)
p. 5.
Note:
See also survivor of gender-based violence, vicm of gender-based
violence, violence against women
gender equality
G
84
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: Adapted from UN Women, Gender Mainstreaming in
Development Programming (2014) p. 46.
Note:
gender mainstreaming
Source: Adapted from United Naons Economic and Social Council,
Resoluon 1997/2: Agreed Conclusions (18 July 1997) in UN Doc.
A/52/3/Rev.1.
Note:
general principles of law
Note:
G
85
Glossary on Migration
Foundaons of Internaonal Migraon Law
See also customary internaonal law, internaonal law (public)
genocide
Source: Convenon on the Prevenon and Punishment of the Crime of
Genocide (adopted 9 December 1948, entered into force 12 January
1951) 78 UNTS 277, Art. II; and Rome Statute of the Internaonal
Criminal Court (adopted 17 July 1998, entered into force 1 July 2002)
2187 UNTS 3, Art. 6.
Note:
See also exclusion clauses (internaonal protecon), internaonal
crimes
genuine marriage
G
86
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: Adapted from European Commission, Commission Sta Working
Document, Handbook on Addressing the Issue of Alleged Marriages of
Convenience between EU Cizens and non-EU Naonals in the Context
of EU law on Free Movement of EU Cizens (26 September 2014) SWD
(2014) 284 nal, p. 10.
Note:
See also marriage of convenience
global processes on migration
See also interregional forums on migraon, inter-State consultaon
mechanisms on migraon, and regional consultave processes on
migraon
good faith (applicant) applicant
See also applicant
grounds for persecution
Note:
G
87
Glossary on Migration
Guidelines on Internaonal
Protecon No. 12
Guidelines
on Internaonal Protecon No. 12
See also race, religion, naonality, membership of a parcular social
group, persecuon, polical opinion, refugee (mandate), refugee
(1951 Convenon)
grounds of inadmissibility
Note:
See also refusal of entry, rejected applicant
guarantee
Note:
G
88
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also bail, bond, surety, adavit (of support), sponsorship, surety
guardian (legal)
guest worker
Note:
See also contract worker (temporary), legal guardian, migrant worker,
project-ed worker, short-term migrant, specied employment worker
G
89
Glossary on Migration
H
habitual residence
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, Handbook on
Protecon of Stateless Persons (2014) p. 49.
Note:
See also country of usual residence, domicile, residence, usual residence
hazard
Source: United Naons General Assembly, Report of the Open-Ended
Intergovernmental Expert Working Group on Indicators and Terminology
Relang to Disaster Risk Reducon, UN Doc. A/71/644 (1 December
2016) p. 18.
Note:
Global Esmates 2015: People Displaced by Disasters
Agenda for the Protecon of Cross-Border
Displaced Persons in the Context of Disasters and Climate Change
See also disaster, disaster displacement, early warning system,
environmental migraon
H
90
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
health
Source: Constuon of the World Health Organizaon (adopted 22 July
1946, entered into force 7 April 1948) 14 UNTS 185, Preamble.
Note:
Refugee and
Migrant Healthwww.who.int/migrants/en/
See also health assessment, migraon health, social determinants of
health
health assessment
Note:
See also counselling (medical), informed consent (medical)
healthy migrant eect
H
91
Glossary on Migration
Source: Adapted from S. Kennedy, J.T. McDonald and N. Biddle, The
Healthy Immigrant Eect and Immigrant Selecon: Evidence from
Four Countries (2015) 16 Journal of Internaonal Migraon and
Integraon 2, p. 317.
high seas
Source: United Naons Convenon on the Law of the Sea (adopted 10
December 1982, entered into force 16 November 1994) 1833 UNTS 3,
Art. 86.
Note:
See also conguous zone, territorial sea
highly skilled migrant worker
Note:
or
H
92
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also qualied naonal, skilled migrant worker
holding centre
Note:
See also deprivaon of liberty, detenon (migraon), detenon centre
(migraon), recepon facilies
home community
home country and
Note:
host community
H
93
Glossary on Migration
host country
Note:
housing, land and property restitution
Source: Adapted from Principles on Housing and Property Restuon
for Refugees and Displaced Persons, Principle 2.1, annex to United
Commission on Human Rights, Final Report of the Special Rapporteur,
Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro, (28 June 2005) UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2005/17.
Note:
The Pinheiro Principles also apply to internally displaced persons
human capital transfer
human mobility
Note:
H
94
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Human Mobility in the Context of Climate Change
UNFCCC - Paris COP21
See also displacement, migraon, internal migraon, internaonal
migraon
human rights
Source: United Naons Oce of the High Commissioner for Human
Rights, Frequently Asked Quesons on a Human Rights-Based Approach
to Development Cooperaon (2006) p. 1.
Note:
What Are
Human Rights? www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/
WhatareHumanRights.aspx
H
95
Glossary on Migration
See also civil and polical rights, economic, non-derogable human
rights, economic, social and cultural rights
human security
Source: Adapted from United Naons General Assembly, Follow-up to
Paragraph 143 on Human Security of the 2005 World Summit Outcome
(25 October 2012) UN Doc. A/RES/66/290, para. 3(a).
human smuggling
human tracker
human tracking
humanitarian action
Source: Inter-Agency Standing Commiee, Introducon to Humanitarian
Acon (October 2015) p. 8, hps://interagencystandingcommiee.
org/system/files/rc_guide_31_october_2015_webversion_final.pdf
(last accessed 27 March 2018).
Note:
H
96
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Strengthening of the Coordinaon of Humanitarian
Emergency Assistance to the United Naons
See also humanitarian principles, humanity (principle of), imparality
(principle of), independence (principle of), neutrality (principle of)
humanitarian admission
Note:
See also complementary protecon (internaonal), complementary
pathways for refugee admission, discreonary forms of protecon,
disengaged combatant, internaonal protecon, non-refoulement
(principle of), refugee (1951 Convenon), pathways for migrants in
vulnerable situaons, temporary protecon or stay arrangements
(TPSAs)
humanitarian border management
H
97
Glossary on Migration
Source: Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, Internal Guidance
Note on Humanitarian Border Management (internal document, 2014)
para. 1.
Note:
humanitarian law (international)
humanitarian principles
Note:
Strengthening of the Coordinaon of Humanitarian Emergency
Assistance of the United Naons
Strengthening of the Coordinaon of Emergency Humanitarian
Assistance of the United Naons
See also humanitarian acon, humanity (principle of), imparality
(principle of), independence (principle of), neutrality (principle of)
humanitarian protection
humanitarian visa
H
98
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
H
99
Glossary on Migration
See also complementary protecon (internaonal), complementary
pathways for refugee admission, discreonary forms of protecon,
internaonal protecon, humanitarian admission, pathways for
migrants in vulnerable situaons, temporary protecon and stay
arrangements (TPSAs).
humanity (principle of)
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, IOM’s
Humanitarian Policy: Principles for Humanitarian Acon (12 October
2015) Doc C/106/CRP/20, annex, para. III.1.a.
See also humanitarian acon, humanitarian principles, neutrality
(principle of), imparality (principle of), independence (principle of)
H
101
Glossary on Migration
I
identity document
Note:
See also cercate of identy, electronic passport, passport
identity fraud
Source: Adapted from Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Naonal Identy
Crime Strategy: For a Stronger and Safer Canada (2013) p. 3.
See also fraud
identity management
Note:
illegal alien and
Note:
I
102
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
illegal entry
See also unauthorized entry, unlawful entry
illegal migrant and
Note:
See also irregular migrant
illegal migration
See also clandesne migraon
I
103
Glossary on Migration
illegal stay
immigrant
Source: Adapted from United Naons Department of Economic and
Social Aairs, Recommendaons on Stascs of Internaonal Migraon,
Revision 1 (1998) p. 10, denion of “long-term migrants”.
Note:
Recommendaons on Stascs of Internaonal Migraon
See also immigraon
immigration
See also immigrant
I
104
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
immigration liaison ocer
Source: Adapted from Council Regulaon (EC) No 377/2004 of
19 February 2004 on the creaon of an immigraon liaison ocers
network [2004] OJ L 64/1, Art. 1(1).
immigration quota
Note:
immigration status
impartiality (principle of)
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, IOM’s
Humanitarian Policy: Principles for Humanitarian Acon (12 October
2015) Doc C/106/CRP/20, annex, para. III.1.b.
See also humanitarian acon, humanitarian principles, humanity
(principle of), independence (principle of), non-discriminaon (principle
of), neutrality (principle of)
independence (principle of)
I
105
Glossary on Migration
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, IOM’s
Humanitarian Policy: Principles for Humanitarian Acon (12 October
2015) Doc C/106/CRP/20, annex, para. III.1.d.
See also humanitarian acon, humanitarian principles, humanity
(principle of), imparality (principle of), neutrality (principle of)
informed consent (medical)
Note:
See also counselling (medical), health assessment
indigenous people
Source: Convenon (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples
in Independent Countries (adopted 27 June 1989, entry into force
5 September 1991) 1650 UNTS 383, Art. 1(1)(b).
Note:
inhuman treatment
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Criminal Court, Elements of Crimes
(2002) Art. 8(2)(a)(ii).
I
106
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
See also degrading treatment, non-refoulement (principle of), torture
integration
Note:
Master Glossary of Terms
I
107
Glossary on Migration
See also assimilaon, durable soluon (refugees), durable soluons
(internally displaced persons), mulculturalism, reintegraon, social
inclusion, social cohesion
interception
Source: Adapted from Execuve Commiee of the United Naons High
Commissioner for Refugees, Conclusion on Protecon Safeguards in
Intercepon Measures (10 October 2003) No 97 (LIV).
intercountry adoption
Source: Adapted from Convenon on Protecon of Children and Co-
operaon in Respect of Intercountry Adopon (adopted 29 May 1993,
entry into force 1 May 1995) 1870 UNTS 167, Art. 2.
See also adopon
internal ight
See also internal ight alternave, internal protecon alternave,
relocaon alternave
internal ight alternative
I
108
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidelines
on Internaonal Protecon: “Internal Flight or Relocaon Alternave”
within the Context of Arcle 1A(2) of the 1951 Convenon and/or 1967
Protocol relang to the Status of Refugees (23 July 2003) UN Doc. HCR/
GIP/03/04, para. 6.
Note:
See also internal ight, relocaon alternave, internal protecon
alternave
internal migrant
See also internally displaced persons, internal migraon, migrant
internal migration
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, World
Migraon Report 2015.
Note:
See also human mobility, internal migrant, internally displaced persons,
migraon, rural–rural migraon, rural–urban migraon, urban–rural
migraon, urban–urban migraon, internally displaced persons
internal protection alternative
See also internal ight, relocaon alternave
internally displaced pastoralists
I
109
Glossary on Migration
Source: Adapted from N. Schrepfer and M. Caterina, On the Margin:
Kenya’s Pastoralists (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, 2014)
p. 20.
See also pastoralism
internally displaced persons
Source: Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, annexed to United
Naons Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Representave
of the Secretary-General, Mr Francis M. Deng, Submied Pursuant
to Commission Resoluon 1997/39, Addendum (11 February 1998)
UN Doc E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, 6.
Note:
See also cross-border displacement, displaced persons, displacement,
durable soluon (IDPs), internal migrant, internal migraon, forced
migraon, disaster displacement, migrant
I
110
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
international agreement
See also treaty
international airport
Source: Convenon on Internaonal Civil Aviaon (adopted 7 December
1944, entered into force 14 April 1947) 15 UNTS 295, Annex 9.
international borders
international crimes
Source: Adapted from Rome Statute of the Internaonal Criminal Court
(adopted 17 July 1998, entered into force 1 July 2002) 2187 UNTS 3,
Art. 1.
Note:
See also crimes against humanity, exclusion clauses (internaonal
protecon), genocide, war crimes
international health regulations
I
111
Glossary on Migration
Source: Adapted from World Health Organizaon, Internaonal Health
Regulaons (2008) Art. 2.
Note:
international humanitarian law
Source: United Naons Oce for the Coordinaon of Humanitarian
Aairs, Glossary of Humanitarian Terms in Relaon to the Protecon of
Civilians in Armed Conict (2003) pp. 16 and 17.
Note:
I
112
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also armed conict, internaonal law (public), war crimes
international law (public)
Source: B.A. Garner (ed), Black’s Law Diconary (10th edion, Westlaw,
2014).
See also internaonal humanitarian law, internaonal migraon law,
internaonal refugee law
international migrant
Source: Oce of the High Commissioner for Human Rights,
Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights at
Internaonal Borders, footnote 2 www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/
Migraon/OHCHR_Recommended_Principles_Guidelines.pdf (last
accessed 14 May 2019).
Note:
Principles and Guidelines, supported by
praccal guidance, on the human rights protecon of migrants in
vulnerable situaons, www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/
Migraon/PrinciplesAndGuidelines.pdf
I
113
Glossary on Migration
See also asylum seeker, displaced person, documented migrant,
documented migrant worker, environmental migrant, expatriate,
internaonal student, intracorporate transferee, long-term migrant,
migrant, migrant in an irregular situaon, migrants in vulnerable
situaons, migrant worker, mixed movements, permanent resident,
seasonal migrant worker, separated children, short-term migrant,
smuggled migrant, vicm of tracking, unaccompanied children,
undocumented migrant, undocumented migrant worker
international migration
Note:
See also circular migraon, climate migraon, displacement, economic
migraon, facilitated migraon, family migraon, forced migraon,
human mobility, irregular migraon, labour migraon, migrant,
migraon, safe, orderly and regular migraon, reselement, return
migraon
international migration law
Note:
See also internaonal law (public)
I
114
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
international protection
Source: Adapted from United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees,
Persons in Need of Internaonal Protecon (June 2017).
Note:
See also asylum, complementary pathways (refugees), complementary
protecon (internaonal), discreonary forms of protecon,
humanitarian visa, non-refoulement (principle of), refugee (1951
convenon), temporary protecon or stay arrangements (TPSAs)
international refugee law
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, Master
Glossary of Terms (2006) p. 14.
See also internaonal law (public)
international surrogacy arrangement
Source: Adapted from Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on
Internaonal Private Law, A Preliminary Report on the Issues Arising
from Internaonal Surrogacy Arrangements (2012) Annex, i.
Note:
I
115
Glossary on Migration
See also surrogacy
Interregional Forums on Migration (IRFs)
See also global processes on migraon, Inter-State Consultaon
Mechanisms on Migraon, Regional Consultave Processes on
migraon
Inter-State Consultation Mechanisms on
Migration (ISCM)
Note:
See also global processes on migraon, Interregional Forums on
Migraon, Regional Consultave Processes on migraon
international student
Note:
Glossary hp://uis.unesco.
I
116
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
org/en/glossary-term/internaonal-or-internaonally-mobile-students
See also migrant
intracorporate transferee
irregular entry
Source: Adapted from Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by
Land, Sea and Air, supplemenng the United Naons Convenon against
Transnaonal Organized Crime (adopted 15 November 2000, entered
into force 28 January 2004) 2241 UNTS 507, Art. 3(b) on “illegal entry”.
See also illegal entry, unauthorized entry, unlawful entry
irregular migrant
irregular migrant worker
irregular migration
Note:
I
117
Glossary on Migration
See also clandesne migraon, illegal migraon, migraon
irregular stay
Source: Adapted from Direcve 2008/115/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on common
standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally
staying third-country naonals [2008] OJ L 348/98, Art. 3(2), denion
of “illegal stay”.
See also clandesne migraon, illegal migraon
itinerant worker
Source: Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the Rights of All
Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (adopted 18 December
1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3, Art. 2(2)(e).
See also froner worker, migrant worker
I
119
Glossary on Migration
J
jus cogens
Source: Adapted from Vienna Convenon on the Law of Treaes
(adopted 23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980) 1155 UNTS
331, Art. 53.
Note:
jurisdiction
Source: B.A. Garner (ed), Black’s Law Diconary (10th edion, Westlaw,
2014).
Note:
J
120
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
J
See also naonality (or acve personality) principle, naonal territory,
passive personality principle, personal jurisdicon, territorial sea
jus sanguinis
Source: Adapted from European Union Democracy Observatory on
Cizenship, The EUDO Glossary on Cizenship and Naonality (2015).
Note:
See also acquision of naonality, jus soli, naonality
jus soli
Note:
See also acquision of naonality, jus sanguinis, naonality
121
Glossary on Migration
K
kidnapping
Source: B.A. Garner (ed), Black’s Law Diconary (10th edion, Westlaw,
2014).
Note:
See also abducon, tracking in persons
K
123
Glossary on Migration
L
labour migrant
labour migration
Note:
See also bilateral labour migraon agreements, circular migraon,
economic migraon, migraon
labour mobility
Note:
See also labour migraon
laissez-passer
L
124
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
See also temporary travel documents, travel document
lawful admission
legal entry
Source: Adapted from European Migraon Network, European
Migraon Network Asylum and Migraon Glossary 3.0 (2014).
See also lawful admission
legal guardian
Source: Adapted from B.A. Garner (ed), Black’s Law Diconary (10th
edion, Westlaw, 2014), “guardian”.
Note:
L
125
Glossary on Migration
LGBTI
Note:
long-term migrant
Source: United Naons Department of Economic and Social Aairs,
Recommendaons on Stascs of Internaonal Migraon, Revision 1
(1998) p. 10.
Note:
See also migrant, permanent resident
L
126
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
lookout list
loss of nationality
Source: European Union Democracy Observatory on Cizenship, The
EUDO Glossary on Cizenship and Naonality (2015).
Note:
See also deprivaon of naonality, naonality
low-skilled migrant worker
.
Note:
or a
ISCED
2011 Operaonal Manual: Guidelines for Classifying Naonal
Educaon Programmes and Related Qualicaons
L
127
Glossary on Migration
L
129
Glossary on Migration
M
main applicant principal applicant
mandate refugee
marriage of convenience
Note:
See also genuine marriage
mass evacuation
Source: Camp Coordinaon and Camp Management Cluster, The Mass
Evacuaon in Natural Disasters (MEND) Guide: Comprehensive Guide
for Planning Mass Evacuaons in Disasters (2014) p. 17.
Note:
The Mass Evacuaon in Natural
Disasters (MEND) Guide: Comprehensive Guide for Planning Mass
Evacuaons in Disasters
See also displacement, evacuaon
M
130
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
mass expulsion
Note:
See also collecve expulsion
medical escort
Note:
M
131
Glossary on Migration
members of the family
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the
Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (adopted
18 December 1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3, Art. 4.
Note:
See also dependant
membership of a particular social group
M
132
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: Adapted from United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees,
Guidelines on Internaonal Protecon No. 2: “Membership of a
Parcular Social Group” Within the Context of Arcle 1A (2) of the 1951
Convenon and/or its 1967 Protocol Relang to the Status of Refugees
(7 May 2002) UN Doc. HCR/GIP/02/01, para. 11.
Note:
Guidelines on
Internaonal Protecon No. 2: “Membership of a Parcular Social
Group” Within the Context of Arcle 1A (2) of the 1951 Convenon
and/or its 1967 Protocol Relang to the Status of Refugees
Guidelines on Internaonal Protecon No. 1:
Gender-Related Persecuon within the Context of Arcle 1A(2) of
the 1951 Convenon and/or its 1967 Protocol relang to the Status
of Refugees
See also grounds for persecuon, persecuon, refugee (mandate),
refugee (1951 Convenon)
migrant
Note:
M
133
Glossary on Migration
www.meaningofmigrants.org
See also asylum seeker, displaced person, documented migrant,
documented migrant worker, environmental migrant, expatriate,
internal migrant, internally displaced person, internaonal student,
internaonal migrant, intracorporate transferee, long-term migrant,
migrant in a regular situaon, migrant in an irregular situaon,
migrants in vulnerable situaons, migrant worker, migraon, mixed
movements, permanent resident, seasonal migrant worker, separated
children, short-term migrant, smuggled migrant, vicm of tracking,
unaccompanied children, undocumented migrant, undocumented
migrant worker
migrant in an irregular situation
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the
Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (adopted
18 December 1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3, Art. 5.
Note:
M
134
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also illegal alien, illegal migrant, irregular migrant, undocumented
migrant
migrant in a regular situation
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the
Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (adopted
18 December 1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3, Art. 5.
See also documented migrant, documented migrant worker, migrant,
regular migrant, regular migraon
migrants in vulnerable situations
Source: Adapted from High Commissioner for Human Rights, Principles
and Praccal Guidance on the Protecon of the Human Rights of
Migrants in Vulnerable Situaons, Report of the United Naons High
Commissioner for Human Rights to the Human Rights Council (3 January
2018) UN Doc. A/HRC/37/34, para. 12.
Note:
M
135
Glossary on Migration
See also vulnerability, vulnerable group
migrant-friendly health systems
Source: Adapted from World Health Organizaon, Internaonal
Organizaon for Migraon, Government of Spain, Health of Migrants
– The Way Forward, Report of a Global Consultaon (3–5 March 2010)
p. 14 (building on J. Puebla Forer, Migrant-Sensive Health Systems
(Background Paper for the Global Consultaon on the Health of
Migrants, March 2010)).
Note:
migrant ow (international)
Source: United Naons Department of Economic and Social Aairs,
Toolkit on Internaonal Migraon (2012) p. 3.
Note:
Toolkit on Internaonal Migraon
migrant smuggling
See also human smuggling
M
136
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
migrant stock (international)
Source: Adapted from United Naons Department of Economic and
Social Aairs, Toolkit on Internaonal Migraon (2012) pp. 2–3.
migrant worker
Source: Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the Rights of All
Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (adopted 18 December
1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3, Art. 2(1).
Note:
M
137
Glossary on Migration
See also contract worker (temporary), documented migrant worker,
economic migrant, froner worker, guest worker, inerant worker,
labour migrant, migrant, project-ed worker, seafarer, seasonal
migrant worker, self-employment worker, specied-employment
worker, worker on an oshore installaon
migrant worker in an irregular situation
migration
See also circular migraon, climate migraon, displacement, economic
migraon, facilitated migraon, family migraon, forced migraon,
human mobility, internal migraon, internaonal migraon, irregular
migraon, labour migraon, migrant, mixed migraon, safe, orderly
and regular migraon, reselement, return migraon
migration card
migration crisis
Source: Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, IOM Migraon Crisis
Operaonal Framework (15 November 2012) MC/2355, para. 4.
M
138
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
migration cycle
migration governance
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon,
Migraon Governance Framework (2015) C/106/40, 1; Oce of the
United Naons High Commissioner for Human Rights, Migraon
and Human Rights – Improving Human Rights Based Governance of
Internaonal Migraon (2013) p. 9.
Note:
M
139
Glossary on Migration
Global Migraon Governance
Migraon in
an Interconnected World: New Direcons for Acon
See also safe, orderly and regular migraon
migration health
See also health, psychosocial support, social determinants of health
migration management
Note:
M
140
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Public
Administraon Reform Pracce Note
See also migraon governance
migration prole
Note:
See also migraon governance
minor child
Note:
Terminology Guidelines for the
Protecon of Children from Sexual Exploitaon and Sexual Abuse
M
141
Glossary on Migration
minority
Source: Adapted from F. Capotor, Study on the Rights of Persons
Belonging to Ethnic, Religious and Linguisc Minority (1979) UN Doc. E/
CN.4/Sub.2/384/Rev.1, para. 568.
Note:
Minority Rights: Internaonal Standards and
Guidance for Implementaon
Minority Rights
mixed movements (mixed migration or mixed
ows)
M
142
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, The 10-Point
Acon Plan in Acon, 2016 – Glossary (December 2016) p. 282.
See also migraon
multiculturalism
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon,
Migraon Research Leaders’ Syndicate: Ideas to Inform Internaonal
Cooperaon on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migraon (2017) p. 161.
Note:
See also assimilaon, integraon
M
143
Glossary on Migration
N
national
Note:
Harvard Internaonal
Law Journal
See also cizen, cizenship, naonality
national territory
See also jurisdicon, sovereignty
national treatment
nationality
Source: Adapted from European Convenon on Naonality (adopted 6
November1997, entered into force 1 March 2000) ETS No 166, Art. 2.
Note:
N
144
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Types of Brish Naonality www.gov.uk/types-of-brish-
naonality
European Convenon on Naonality and Explanatory
Report
Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria
for Determining Refugee Status
Naonality and Statelessness in Internaonal Law
N
145
Glossary on Migration
Mulple Naonality in Internaonal Law
See also cizen, cizenship, naonal
nationality (or active personality) principle
Source: I. Bantekas, Criminal Jurisdicon of States under Internaonal
Law in R. Wolfrum (ed), Max Planck Encyclopaedia of Public Internaonal
Law (Oxford University Press, 2011).
See also jurisdicon, passive personality principle, personal jurisdicon
naturalization
Source: European Union Democracy Observatory on Cizenship, The
EUDO Glossary on Cizenship and Naonality (2015).
Note:
N
146
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also acquision of naonality, naonality
net migration
Source: United Naons Department of Economic and Social Aairs,
Glossary on Demographic Terms, World Populaon Prospects:
The 2015 Revision (2015) hps://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/General/
GlossaryDemographicTerms.asp (last accessed 5 February 2018).
neutrality (principle of)
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, IOM’s
Humanitarian Policy: Principles for Humanitarian Acon (12 October
2015) C/106/CRP/20, Annex, para. III. 1.d.
See also humanitarian acon, humanitarian principles, humanity
(principle of), imparality (principle of) and independence (principle
of).
nomad
Source: United Naons Department of Economic and Social Aairs,
Recommendaons on Stascs of Internaonal Migraon, Revision 1
(1998) p. 94.
non-admission
Note:
N
147
Glossary on Migration
of
.
See also refoulement, refusal of entry
non-custodial measures
Note:
See also alternaves to detenon, bail, bond, surety
non-derogable human rights
Note:
N
148
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also human rights
non-discrimination (principle of)
Source: Adapted from Human Rights Commiee, General Comment No.
18: Non-Discriminaon (10 November 1989) para. 7 in (1994) UN Doc.
HRI/GEN/1/Rev.1.
Note:
N
149
Glossary on Migration
See also discriminaon, humanitarian principles, imparality (principle
of), racial discriminaon
non-documented migrant worker
non-national
See also alien, foreigner, migrant, third-country naonal
non-refoulement (principle of)
Note: The principle ental principle
N
150
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also complementary protecon (internaonal), degrading
treatment, humanitarian admission, inhuman treatment, internaonal
protecon, refoulement, refugee (mandate), refugee (prima facie),
refugee (1951 Convenon), torture
N
151
Glossary on Migration
O
oshore processing
organized crime
See also organized criminal group, smuggling (migrants), tracking in
persons, transnaonal organized crime
organized criminal group
Source: Adapted from Convenon against Transnaonal Organized
Crime (adopted 15 November 2000, entered into force 29 September
2003) UN Doc. A/55/383, Art. 2(a).
Note:
See also organized crime, smuggling, tracking in persons,
transnaonal organized crime
overstay
Note:
O
152
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
The Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights of Migrants in an Irregular situaon
See also irregular migrant, undocumented migrant
O
153
Glossary on Migration
P
passive personality principle
Source: Adapted from I. Bantekas, Criminal Jurisdicon of States under
Internaonal Law in R. Wolfrum (ed), The Max Planck Encyclopedia of
Public Internaonal Law (Oxford University Press, 2014).
Note:
The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public Internaonal
Law
See also jurisdicon, naonality (or acve personality) principle,
personal jurisdicon
passport
Note:
prima facie
tocle
See also electronic passport, identy document, travel document,
travel documents (Convenon)
P
154
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
pastoralism
Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change
2014: Impacts, Adaptaon, and Vulnerability (Fih Assessment Report,
CambriRdge University Press, 2014) Annex II, 1770.
Note:
Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptaon,
and Vulnerability
See also internally displaced pastoralists, transhumance
pathways for migrants in vulnerable situations
Source: Adapted from Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular
Migraon, in General Assembly Resoluon 73/195, adopted on 19
December 2018, UN Doc. A/RES/73/195 (19 January 2019) Objecve
5, para. 21(g)(h).
P
155
Glossary on Migration
Note:
See also complementary pathways for refugee admission, discreonary
forms of protecon, humanitarian admission, humanitarian visa,
migrants in vulnerable situaons, regular migraon pathways,
temporary protecon or stay arrangements (TPSAs), vulnerability
people smuggling
See also human smuggling
permanent residence
Note:
P
156
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
permanent resident
See also long-term migrant
permit
See also residence permit, work permit
persecution
Source: Adapted from United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees,
Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining
Refugee Status (December 2011) UN Doc. HCR/1P/4/enG/Rev. 3, para.
51.
Note:
Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria
for Determining Refugee Status
See also grounds for persecuon, membership of a parcular social
group, naonality, race, refugee (mandate), refugee (prima facie),
refugee (1951 Convenon), refugee sur place, religion, well-founded
fear (of persecuon)
P
157
Glossary on Migration
person with a migratory background
Source: Adapted from European Migraon Network, European
Migraon Network Asylum and Migraon Glossary 3.0 (2014).
personal jurisdiction
See also jurisdicon, naonality (or acve personality) person, passive
personality principle
place of habitual residence
planned relocation
Source: Adapted from The Brookings Instuon, Georgetown University
Instute for the Study of Internaonal Migraon and United Naons
High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidance on Protecng People From
Disasters and Environmental Change Through Planned Relocaon,
(Brookings, 2015) p. 5.
Note:
Guidance on Protecng
People From Disasters and Environmental Change Through Planned
Relocaon,
P
158
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also relocaon, relocaon (internally displaced persons), selement
elsewhere in the country
point of entry
point of exit
political opinion
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR and
Internaonal Protecon, A Protecon Inducon Programme (2006)
p. 90.
Note:
Handbook and Guidelines on
Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status
See also grounds for persecuon, refugee (mandate), refugee (1951
Convenon)
P
159
Glossary on Migration
pre-departure orientation programmes
Note:
pre-embarkation checks
Note:
See also tness for travel
prima facie
Source: B.A. Garner (ed), Black’s Law Diconary (10th end, Westlaw,
2014).
Note:
See also refugee (prima facie)
primary applicant principal applicant
See also main applicant
P
160
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
primary inspection
Note:
See also secondary inspecon
principal applicant
Note:
See also applicant, main applicant, primary applicant, sponsor
private international law
Source: Adapted from P. Grant and J. Barker (eds), Parry and Grant
Encyclopedic Diconary of Internaonal Law (Oxford University Press,
2004).
P
161
Glossary on Migration
project-tied worker
Source: Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the Rights of All
Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (adopted 18 December
1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3, Art. 2(2)(f).
See also contract worker (temporary), guest worker, migrant worker,
short-term migrant, specied-employment worker
protection
Source: Inter-Agency Standing Commiee, Protecon of Internally
Displaced Persons: Inter-Agency Standing Commiee Policy Paper
(December 1999) p. 4.
Note:
IASC Operaonal
Guidelines on the Protecon of Persons in Situaons of Natural
Disasters
See also complementary protecon (internaonal), internaonal
protecon, pathways for migrants in vulnerable situaons, temporary
protecon and stay arrangements (TPSAs)
protection mainstreaming
P
162
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, Guidance Note on
How to Mainstream Protecon across IOM Crisis Response (20 January
2016) IN/232, Part III, para. 8.
Note:
protracted displacement
Source: N. Crawford, Jo. Cosgrave, S. Haysom and N. Walicki, Protracted
Displacement: Uncertain Paths to Self-Reliance in Exile (Humanitarian
Policy Group Commissioned Report, September 2015) p. 10.
Note:
Breaking the Impasse: Ending Protracted
Internal Displacement Through Collecve Outcomes
Expert
Seminar on Protracted IDP Situaons
Protracted Refugee Situaons
P
163
Glossary on Migration
See also displacement, internally displaced persons, refugee (mandate),
refugee (prima facie), refugee (1951 Convenon)
psychosocial support
Source: Inter-Agency Standing Commiee (IASC), IASC Reference Group
for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Sengs,
Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Humanitarian Emergencies:
What Should Humanitarian Health Actors Know? (2010) p. 1.
Note:
Refugee and
Migrant Health www.who.int/migrants/en/
See also migraon health
public health emergency of international
concern
Source: Adapted from World Health Organizaon, Internaonal Health
Regulaons (2005) (3rd edion, 2016) p. 9.
See also health, migraon health, quaranne
P
164
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
push-pull factors
Note:
The Age of Migraon: Internaonal Populaon Movements
in the Modern World
See also drivers of migraon, root causes of migraon
P
165
Glossary on Migration
Q
qualied national
See also highly skilled migrant worker, skilled migrant worker
quarantine
Source: World Health Organizaon, Internaonal Health Regulaons
(2005) (3rd edion, 2016) p. 9.
Note:
See also public health emergency of internaonal concern
quota
Q
167
Glossary on Migration
R
race
Source: Adapted from Commiee on the Eliminaon of Racial
Discriminaon Convenon, General Recommendaon XXIV Concerning
Art. 1 of the Convenon (1999) para. 1 in United Naons General
Assembly, Report of the Commiee on the Eliminaon of Racial
Discriminaon (1999) UN Doc. A/54/18, Annex 5, p. 105; and United
Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, Handbook on Procedure and
Criteria for Refugee Determinaon (2011) HCR/1P/4/ENG/Rev. 3, p. 142.
See also discriminaon, grounds for persecuon, non-discriminaon
(principle of), persecuon, racial discriminaon, racism, refugee
(mandate), refugee (1951 Convenon)
racial discrimination
Source: Internaonal Convenon on the Eliminaon of All Forms of
Racial Discriminaon (adopted 21 December 1965, entered into force
4 January 1969) 660 UNTS 195, Art. 1(1).
Note:
R
168
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also discriminaon, non-discriminaon (principle of), racism,
xenophobia
racism
Source: Internaonal Convenon on the Eliminaon of All Forms of
Racial Discriminaon (adopted 21 December 1965, entered into force 4
January 1969) 660 UNTS 195, Art. 1(4).
Note:
See also discriminaon, non-discriminaon (principle of), race, racial
discriminaon, xenophobia
ratication
Source: Adapted from Vienna Convenon on the Law of Treaes
(adopted 23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980) 1155 UNTS
331, Art. 2(1)(b).
Note:
Parry and Grant Encyclopedic Diconary
of Internaonal Law
See also acceptance and approval, accession, agreement
(internaonal), treaty
R
169
Glossary on Migration
readmission
readmission agreement
See also return
receiving country
See also country of desnaon, State of desnaon
reception centre
reception facilities
Source: Adapted from European Migraon Network, European
Migraon Network Asylum and Migraon Glossary 3.0 (2014).
Note:
R
170
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also deprivaon of liberty, detenon (migraon), detenon centres
(migraon), holding centre, recepon centre
re-emigration
Note:
See also re-migraon
refoulement
Note:
See also deportaon, expulsion, forced return, non-admission, refusal
of entry, removal, return, non-refoulement (principle of)
refugee (mandate)
Source: Adapted from United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees,
Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining
Refugee Status (2011) HCR/1P/4/enG/Rev. 3, 7, para. 16.
See also complementary protecon (internaonal), displaced persons,
internaonal protecon, internaonal refugee law, refugee (1951
Convenon), refugee (prima facie), refugee status determinaon,
refugee sur place
R
171
Glossary on Migration
refugee (prima facie)
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),
Master Glossary of Terms (2006) p. 17.
Note:
See also displaced persons, internaonal refugee law, prima facie,
refugee (1951 convenon), refugee (mandate)
refugee (1951 Convention)
Source: Adapted from Convenon relang to the Status of Refugees
((adopted 28 July 1951, entered into force 22 April 1954) 189 UNTS
137) Art. 1A(2).
Note:
R
172
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Handbook and
Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee
Status
See also displaced persons, grounds for persecuon, internaonal
protecon, internaonal refugee law, membership of a parcular
social group, naonality, persecuon, polical opinion, race, refugee
(mandate), refugee (prima facie), refugee status determinaon,
refugee sur place, religion, well-founded fear of persecuon
refugee law (international)
See also internaonal refugee law
refugee status determination
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, The 10-Point
Plan in Acon, 2016 - Glossary (December 2016) www.refworld.org/
docid/59e99eb94.html (last accessed 24 January 2018).
Note:
R
173
Glossary on Migration
Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures
and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status
See also applicant, exclusion clauses (internaonal protecon), refugee
(mandate), refugee (1951 Convenon)
refugee sur place
Source: Adapted from United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees,
Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining
Refugee Status (2011) HCR/1P/4/ENG/Rev. 3, p. 19.
Note:
Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures
and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status
See also grounds for persecuon, internaonal refugee law,
persecuon, refugee (mandate), refugee (1951 Convenon)
refusal of entry
Source: Adapted from European Migraon Network, Asylum and
Migraon Glossary 3.0 (2014).
See also grounds of inadmissibility, non-admission, non-refoulement
(principle of), refoulement
R
174
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Regional Consultative Processes on migration
(RCP)
See also global processes on migraon, Interregional Forums on
Migraon, Inter-State Consultaon Mechanisms on Migraon
registration cards
Note:
See also identy document, travel document
regular migrant migrant in a regular situaon
See also documented migrant, documented migrant worker, migrant in
a regular situaon, regular migraon
R
175
Glossary on Migration
regular migration
See also regular migraon pathways, safe, orderly and regular
migraon
regular migration pathways
Note:
See also complementary pathways for refugee admission, pathways
for migrants in vulnerable situaons, regular migraon, reselement,
safe, orderly and regular migraon
regularization
Note:
See also amnesty
R
176
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
reinsertion
Source: Adapted from United Naons General Assembly, Administrave
and Budgetary Aspects of the Financing of the United Naons
Peacekeeping Operaons (Note by the Secretary-General, 2005) UN
Doc. A/C.5/59/31, p. 1)
Note:
Administrave and Budgetary Aspects of
the Financing of the United Naons Peacekeeping Operaons
See also reintegraon
reintegration
Note:
See also assisted voluntary return and reintegraon, durable soluons,
integraon, reintegraon (ex-combatants), sustainable reintegraon,
country of origin
R
177
Glossary on Migration
reintegration (ex-combatants)
Source: United Naons General Assembly, Administrave and Budgetary
Aspects of the Financing of the United Naons Peacekeeping Operaons
(Note by the Secretary-General, 2005) UN Doc. A/C.5/59/31, pp. 1-2.
See also reintegraon, sustainable reintegraon
reintegration (social)
Note:
See also reintegraon
reintegration (political)
See also reintegraon
rejected applicant
See also admission (into a State), applicant, asylum, grounds of
inadmissibility, internaonal protecon
religion
R
178
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: Adapted from United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees,
Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining
Refugee Status (2011) HCR/1P/4/ENG/Rev. 3, para. 72.
See also grounds for persecuon, persecuon, refugee (mandate),
refugee (1951 Convenon)
relocation
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, IOM Key
Principles for Internal Humanitarian Evacuaons/Relocaons of Civilian
Populaons in Armed Conict (undated) www.iom.int/sites/default/
les/Int.%20humanitarian-%20Relocaons-%20key%20principles%20
IOMFIN.pdf (last accessed 8 February 2018) (denion adapted from
Global Protecon Cluster Working Group, Handbook for the Internally
Displaced People (2010)).
Note:
Source: Adapted from European Migraon Network, Asylum and
Migraon Glossary 3.0 (2014).
R
179
Glossary on Migration
See also planned relocaon, relocaon alternave, relocaon
(internally displaced persons), reselement (refugees), selement
elsewhere in the country
relocation alternative
See also internal ight, internal protecon alternave, relocaon
relocation (internally displaced persons)
See also relocaon, relocaon alternave, planned relocaon,
reselement (refugees)
relocation (IDPs)
Note:
See also relocaon, relocaon alternave, planned relocaon,
reselement (refugees)
remedy
T
Note:
See also reparaon
R
180
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
re-migration
remittances (migrant)
Note:
hps://
datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/114950-
how-do-you-dene-remiances
See also social remiances
removal
Note:
R
181
Glossary on Migration
See also collecve expulsion, forced return, deportaon, expulsion,
family unity (right to), non-refoulement (principle of)
removal order
Source: Adapted from Council Direcve 2008/115/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on common
standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally
staying third-country naonals [2008] OJ L 348/98.
Note:
See also deportaon order, expulsion order, family unity (right to), non-
refoulement (principle of)
renunciation of nationality
Note:
See also expatriate, naonality, stateless person, statelessness
R
182
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
reparation
Source: Adapted from United Naons General Assembly, Basic Principles
and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparaon for Vicms
of Gross Violaons of Internaonal Human Rights Law and Serious
Violaons of Internaonal Humanitarian Law (21 March 2006) UN Doc.
A/RES/60/147.
Note:
See also remedy
repatriation
Source: Adapted from A. de Zayas, “Repatriaonin R. Wolfrum (ed),” The
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public Internaonal Law (Oxford University
Press, 2014).
Note:
term
R
183
Glossary on Migration
cles
See also right to return, return, voluntary repatriaon
rescue at sea
Source: Internaonal Convenon on Marime Search and Rescue (SAR)
(adopted 27 April 1979, entered into force 22 June 1985) 1405 UNTS
118, Annex 1.3.2.
Note:
R
184
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
resettlement (refugees)
Source: Adapted from United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees,
UNHCR Reselement Handbook (2011) p. 3.
Note:
See also durable soluons (refugees), relocaon
residence
Source: Adapted from B.A. Garner (ed), Black’s Law Diconary (10th
edion, Westlaw, 2014).
Note:
Black’s Law Diconary
See also country of usual residence, domicile, habitual residence, usual
residence
residence permit
See also permit, residence
R
185
Glossary on Migration
resilience
Source: Adapted from United Naons Development Group and Inter-
Agency Standing Commiee, Joint Leer from UNDG and IASC Chairs
on Guiding Principles on Advancing Resilience (2015) p. 3.
Source: Adapted from United Naons General Assembly, Report of the
Open-Ended Intergovernmental Expert Working Group on Indicators
and Terminology Relang to Disaster Risk Reducon (1 December 2016)
UN Doc A/71/644, p. 22.
restriction of liberty
Note:
See also deprivaon of liberty, detenon (migraon), freedom of
movement (right to)
R
186
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
return
Note:
See also assisted voluntary return, deportaon, expulsion, non-
refoulement (principle of), readmission agreement, refoulement,
repatriaon, spontaneous return, voluntary repatriaon, voluntary
return
return migration
Note:
Recommendaon on Stascs of
Internaonal Migraon
right to seek and enjoy asylum
Note:
R
187
Glossary on Migration
the fact that they are protected
See also asylum
right to leave
Source: Adapted from Universal Declaraon of Human Rights (adopted
10 December 1948) UNGA Res 217(A), Art. 13(2).
Note:
See also freedom of movement (right to)
right to return
Source: Adapted from Universal Declaraon of Human Rights (adopted
10 December 1948) UNGA Res 217(A), Art. 13(2).
Note:
:
R
188
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also freedom of movement (right to), repatriaon, voluntary
repatriaon
risk of absconding
Source: Adapted from E Direcve 2008/115/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on common
standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally
staying third-country naonals [2008] OJ L 348/98, Art. 3(7).
Note:
inter alia
See also absconding
root causes of migration
rural–rural migration
See also internal migraon
R
191
Glossary on Migration
S
safe country of origin (EU Law)
Source: Adapted Direcve 2013/32/EU of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 26 June 2013 on common procedures for granng and
withdrawing internaonal protecon [2013] OJ L180/60, Annex I.
Note:
Improving
Asylum Procedures: Comparave Analysis and Recommendaons
for Law and Pracce - Key Findings and Recommendaons
See also rst country of asylum, safe third country
safe, orderly and regular migration
S
192
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
Migraon Governance
Framework
See also migraon, migraon governance, regular migraon, regular
migraon pathways
safe third country
Source: Adapted from United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees,
Master Glossary of Terms (2006).
Note:
S
193
Glossary on Migration
Legal
Consideraons on the Return of Asylum seekers and Refugees from
Greece to Turkey as Part of the EU-Turkey Cooperaon in Tackling
the Migraon Crisis under the Safe Third Country and First Country
of Asylum Concept
See also rst country of asylum, safe country of origin
screening process
Note:
S
194
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
seafarer
Source: Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the Rights of All
Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (adopted 18 December
1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3, Art. 2(2)(c).
Note:
See also migrant worker
seasonal migrant worker
Source: Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the Rights of All
Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (adopted 18 December
1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3, Art. 2(2)(b).
See also migrant worker, short-term migrant, temporary migraon
secondary inspection
See also primary inspecon
secondary migration/movement
S
195
Glossary on Migration
Note:
Secondary Refugee Movements and the Return
of Asylum Seekers to Third Countries: The Meaning of Eecve
Protecon
self-employment worker
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the
Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (adopted
18 December 1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3, Art.
2(2)(h).
See also migrant worker
sending country
See also country of origin, State of origin
separated children
Source: Adapted from Commiee on the Rights of the Child, General
Comment No. 6: Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children
outside Their Country of Origin (1 September 2005) UN Doc CRC/
GC/2005/6, para. 8.
See also migrant, unaccompanied children
S
196
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
servitude
Source: Siliadin v France App no 73316/01 (ECtHR, 26 July 2005)
para. 123.
Note:
See also slavery, tracking in persons
settlement elsewhere in the country
Note:
See also durable soluons (internally displaced persons), planned
relocaon, relocaon (internally displaced persons)
S
197
Glossary on Migration
sexual abuse
Source: United Naons Secretariat, Secretary-General’s Bullen Special
Measures for Protecon from Sexual Exploitaon and Sexual Abuse
(2003) UN Doc ST/SGB/2003/13, 1.
sexual exploitation
Source: United Naons Secretariat, Secretary-General’s Bullen Special
Measures for Protecon from Sexual Exploitaon and Sexual Abuse
(2003) UN Doc ST/SGB/2003/13, 1.
Note:
See also exploitaon, tracking in persons
sexual violence
Source: United Naons Oce of the High Commissioner for Human
Rights, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in the Context of Transional
Jusce (2014) p. 1.
See also gender-based violence
S
198
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
short-term migrant
Source: United Naons Department of Economic and Social Aairs,
Recommendaons on Stascs of Internaonal Migraon, Revision 1
(1998) p. 94.
Note:
Recommendaons on Stascs of Internaonal Migraon
See also guest worker, project-ed worker, seasonal migrant worker,
temporary migraon, specied employment worker
signicant medical condition
See also tness for travel
skilled migrant worker
Note:
S
199
Glossary on Migration
See also brain drain, brain gain, highly skilled migrant, low-skilled
migrant worker, qualied naonal
slavery
Source: Slavery Convenon of 25 September 1926, amended by the
Protocol (adopted 7 December 1953, entered into force 7 July 1955)
212 UNTS 17, Art. 1.
Note:
See also servitude, tracking in persons, worst forms of child labour
smuggled migrant
Source: Adapted from United Naons Oce on Drugs and Crime, Model
Law Against Smuggling of Migrants, (2010) p. 19.
Note:
See also migrant, smuggling (of migrants)
smuggler (of migrants)
See also smuggling (of migrants)
S
200
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
smuggling (of migrants)
Source: Adapted from Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants
by Land, Sea and Air, supplemenng the United Naons Convenon
against Transnaonal Organized Crime ((adopted 15 November 2000,
entered into force 28 January 2004) 2241 UNTS 507) Art. 3(a).
Note:
See also human smuggling, migrant smuggling, organized crime,
people smuggling, tracking in persons, transnaonal organized crime
social cohesion
Source: Adapted from N. Demireva, Immigraon Diversity and Social
Cohesion (The Migraon Observatory at the University of Oxford,
1 November 2017) cing T. Cantle, Community Cohesion: A New
Framework for Race and Diversity (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan,
2005) p. 14 www.migraonobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/briengs/
immigraon-diversity-and-social-cohesion/ (last accessed 10 April
2018).
See also integraon
social determinants of health
S
201
Glossary on Migration
Source: Adapted from World Health Organizaon, Closing the Gap in a
Generaon: Health Equity through Acon on the Social Determinants
of Health, Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of
Health (2008).
Note:
Health in the Post-2015 Development Agenda: The
Importance of Migrants’ Health for Sustainable and Equitable
Development
See also health, migraon health
social inclusion
Source: World Bank, Inclusion Maers: The Foundaon for Shared
Prosperity (2013) p. 4.
Note:
social protection
Source: United Naons Children’s Fund, Social Protecon Strategic
Framework, Integrated Social Protecon Systems: Enhancing Equity for
Children (2012) p. 2.
Note:
S
202
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Social
Protecon Strategic Framework Integrated Social Protecon
Systems: Enhancing Equity for Children
S
203
Glossary on Migration
social remittances
Source: P. Levi, Social remiances: Migraon driven local-level forms of
cultural diusion (1998) 32 Internaonal Migraon Review 4, pp. 926–48.
See also remiances (migrant)
soft law
Source: Adapted from D. Thürer, “So Law” in R. Wolfrum (ed), Max
Planck Encyclopedia of Public Internaonal Law (March 2009) hp://
opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-
9780199231690-e1469?prd=EPIL (last accessed 11 April 2018).
Note:
Nansen Agenda for the protecon of cross-
border displaced persons in the context of disasters and climate
S
204
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
change
See also customary internaonal law
sovereignty
Note:
See also naonal territory, territorial sea
specied-employment worker
S
205
Glossary on Migration
Source: The Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the Rights
of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families ((adopted
18 December 1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3)
Art. 2.2(g).
See also contract worker (temporary), guest worker, migrant worker,
project-ed worker, short-term migrant
sponsor
Source: Adapted from European Migraon Network, European
Migraon Network Asylum and Migraon Glossary 3.0 (2014).
sponsorship
Note:
See also guarantee
spontaneous return
See also assisted voluntary return and reintegraon, return, voluntary
repatriaon, voluntary return
S
206
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
stabilization programmes
Note:
standard of proof
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on
Burden and Standard of Proof in Refugee Claims (16 December 1998)
para. 7.
Note:
S
207
Glossary on Migration
See also burden of proof, well-founded fear of persecuon
State of destination
See also receiving country
State of employment
Source: Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the Rights
of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families ((adopted 18
December 1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3) Art. 6(b).
See also country of desnaon, receiving country
State of origin
Source: Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the Rights
of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families ((adopted 18
December 1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3) Art. 6(a).
See also country of origin, home country, sending country
State of transit
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon
of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
((adopted 18 December 1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220
UNTS 3) Art. 6(c).
See also country of transit
stateless person
Source: United Naons Convenon relang to the Status of Stateless
Persons ((adopted 28 September 1954, entered into force 6 June 1960)
360 UNTS 117) Art. 1.
S
208
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
Handbook on Protecon of Stateless
Persons under the 1954 Convenon Relang to the Status of Stateless
Persons
See also cizenship, loss of naonality, naonality, renunciaon of
naonality, statelessness, undocumented migrant
statelessness
T
Source: United Naons Convenon relang to the Status of Stateless
Persons ((adopted 28 September 1954, entered into force 6 June 1960)
360 UNTS 117) Art. 1.
Note:
S
209
Glossary on Migration
See also cizenship, loss of naonality, naonality, renunciaon of
naonality
stock (migrant)
stowaway
Source: Internaonal Marime Organizaon, Revised Guidelines on the
Prevenon of Access by Stowaways and the Allocaon of Responsibilies
to Seek the Successful Resoluon of Stowaways Cases (2010) MSC
88/26/Add/1, para. 2.6.
Note:
stranded migrant
S
210
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Source: First sentence adapted from Global Migraon Group and
United Naons Commissioner for Refugees, Building partnerships for
idenfying, protecng, assisng and resolving the situaon of stranded
and vulnerable migrants, Praconers Symposium, Background Paper
(Geneva, 27–28 May 2010) p. 1.
Note:
Stranded Migrants: Giving Structure to a Mulfaceted Noon
See also migrants in vulnerable situaons
surety
Source: Amnesty Internaonal, Irregular migrants and asylum seekers:
alternaves to immigraon detenon (2009) p. 13.
Note:
See also alternaves to detenon, bail, bond, guarantee, non-custodial
measures
surrogacy
S
211
Glossary on Migration
Source: Government of the United Kingdom, Surrogacy www.gov.uk/
government/uploads/system/uploads/aachment_data/le/258243/
surrogacy.pdf (last accessed 12 February 2018).
Note:
www.
gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/aachment_data/
le/258243/surrogacy.pdf
See also internaonal surrogacy arrangement
survivor of gender-based violence
Source: Inter-Agency Standing Commiee, Guidelines for Integrang
Gender-Based Violence Intervenons in Humanitarian Acon (2015)
p. 326.
Note:
Managing Gender-based Violence Programmes
in Emergencies
See also gender-based violence, vicm of gender-based violence
sustainable reintegration
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, Towards
an Integrated Approach to Reintegraon in the context of return (IOM
2017), p. 3.
Note:
S
212
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also assisted voluntary return and reintegraon, durable soluons
(IDPs), durable soluons (refugees), reintegraon, reintegraon (ex-
combatants)
S
213
Glossary on Migration
T
temporary migration
Source: Adapted from European Migraon Network, European
Migraon Network Asylum and Migraon Glossary 3.0 (2014).
See also circular migration, guest worker, seasonal migrant worker,
short-term migrant
temporary protection or stay arrangements
(TPSAs)
Source: Adapted United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR), Master Glossary of Terms (2006); UNHCR, Guidelines on
Temporary Protecon and Stay Arrangements (2014) p. 1.
Note:
Guidelines on Temporary Protecon and Stay
Arrangements
See also asylum seeker, complementary protecon (internaonal),
discreonary forms of protecon, humanitarian admission,
humanitarian visa, internaonal protecon, refugee (1951 Convenon)
temporary travel documents
T
214
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also laissez-passer, passport, travel document
territorial sea
Note:
See also conguous zone, high seas, jurisdicon, sovereignty
third-country national
Note:
torture
T
215
Glossary on Migration
Source: Convenon Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment ((adopted 10 December 1984,
entered into force 26 June 1987) 1465 UNTS 85) Art. 1.
Note:
T
216
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also degrading treatment, inhuman treatment, non-refoulement
(principle of)
tourist
Source: United Naons Department of Economic and Social Aairs,
Recommendaons on Stascs of Internaonal Migraon, Revision 1
(1998) p. 96.
Note:
Internaonal Recommendaons for Tourism
Stascs
See also traveller, visitor
tracker (human)
See also tracking in persons, vicm of tracking in human beings
T
217
Glossary on Migration
tracking in persons
Source: Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Tracking in Persons,
Especially Women and Children, Supplemenng the United Naons
Convenon against Transnaonal Organized Crime (adopted 15
November 2000, entered into force 25 December 2003) 2237 UNTS
319, Art. 3(a).
Note:
See also child tracking, coercion, exploitaon, human tracking,
organized crime, organized criminal group, servitude, sexual
exploitaon, smuggling (of migrants), transnaonal organized crime,
worst forms of child labour
transhumance
See also internally displaced pastoralists, pastoralism
transit
See also transit passenger, transit visa
T
218
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
transitional justice
Source: United Naons Security Council, The Rule of Law and Transional
Jusce in Conict and Post-Conict Sociees, Report of the Secretary-
General (23 August 2004) UN Doc. S72004/616, para. 8.
Note:
The Rule of Law and Transional Jusce in Conict and
Post-Conict Sociees
Displacement,
Transional Jusce and Reconciliaon: Assumpons, Challenges
and Lessons
transit passenger
See also transit, transit visa
transit visa
en route
See also transit, transit passenger, visa
T
219
Glossary on Migration
transnational corporation
Source: United Naons Commission on Human Rights, Norms on the
Responsibilies of Transnaonal Corporaons and Other Business
Enterprises with Regard to Human Rights (2003) UN Doc. E/CN.4/
Sub.2/2003/12/Rev.2, para. 20.
Note:
transnational organized crime
Source: Adapted from United Naons Convenon on Transnaonal
Organized Crime (adopted 15 November 2000, entered into force 28
January 2004) 2241 UNTS 507, Art. 3.2.
Note:
T
220
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also organized criminal group, smuggling (of migrants), tracking
in persons
transnationalism
Source: S. Vertovec, Conceiving and researching transnaonalism,
(1999) 22 Ethnic and Racial Studies 2, p. 189.
Note:
Glossary of Migraon Related Terms www.unesco.org/shs/
migraon/glossary
trapped populations
Source: Adapted from Foresight, Migraon and Global Environmental
Change (2011) p. 25, cited in Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon,
Migraon, Environment and Climate Change: Evidence for Policy
(MECLEP), Glossary (2014) p. 17.
Note:
Glossary
travel document
T
221
Glossary on Migration
Source: Adapted from European Migraon Network, European
Migraon Network Asylum and Migraon Glossary 3.0 (2014).
Note:
See also electronic passport, identy document, laissez-passer,
passport, temporary travel documents, travel documents (Convenon)
travel documents (Convention)
lieu
Source: Adapted from Convenon relang to the Status of Refugees
((adopted 28 July 1951, entered into force 22 April 1954) 189 UNTS
137) Art. 28.1; Convenon relang to the Status of Stateless Persons
((adopted 28 September 1954, entered into force 6 June 1960) 360
UNTS 117) Art. 28.
Note:
See also cercate of identy, passport
travel health
T
222
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
Note:
traveller
Source: Adapted from United Naons Department of Economic and
Social Aairs, Internaonal Recommendaons for Tourism Stascs
(2008) para. 2.4.
See also tourist, visitor
treaty
Source: Vienna Convenon on the Law of Treaes, ((adopted 23 May
1969, entered into force 27 January 1980) 1155 UNTS 331) Art 2.1(a).
See also agreement (internaonal)
T
223
Glossary on Migration
U
unaccompanied children
Source: Adapted from Commiee on the Rights of the Child, General
Comment No. 6: Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children
Outside their Country of Origin 1 September 2005 CRC/GC/2005/6,
para. 7.
Note:
See also child, minor, unaccompanied minors, separated children
unaccompanied minors
See also child, minor, separated children
unauthorized entry
See also illegal entry, unlawful entry
undocumented migrant
Note:
U
224
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
U
See also irregular migrant, migrant, migrant in an irregular situaon,
stateless person
undocumented migrant worker
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon
of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
((adopted 18 December 1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220
UNTS 3) Art. 5(b).
Note:
unlawful entry
See also illegal entry, unauthorized entry
urbanization
Source: Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, World Migraon
Report (2015) p. 15.
Note:
World Migraon Report
See also internal migraon, rural–urban migraon, urban–urban
migraon
urban–rural migration
See also internal migraon, rural–rural migraon, rural–urban
migraon, urban–urban migraon
225
Glossary on Migration
urban–urban migration
See also internal migraon, rural–rural migraon, rural–urban
migraon, urban–rural migraon
usual residence
Source: Adapted from United Naons Department of Economic and
Social Aairs, Recommendaons on Stascs of Internaonal Migraon,
Revision 1 (1998) p. 92.
Note:
See also country of usual residence, domicile, habitual residence,
residence
U
227
Glossary on Migration
V
victim of gender-based violence
Source: Inter-Agency Standing Commiee, Guidelines for Integrang
Gender-Based Violence Intervenons in Humanitarian Acon (2015)
p. 326.
Note:
See also gender-based violence, survivor of gender-based violence
victim of tracking in human beings
Source: Adapted from Council of Europe Convenon on Acon Against
Tracking in Human Beings (adopted 16 May 2005, entered into force
1 February 2008) CETS No. 197, Art. 4(e).
Note:
See also forced migraon, migrant, tracker (human), tracking in
persons
violence against women
Source: Declaraon on the Eliminaon of Violence against Women
(UNGA Res. 48/104, 20 December 1993) UN Doc. A/RES/48/104, Art. 1.
See also gender-based violence
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visa
Note:
See also exit visa, transit visa
visa refusal
Note: inter alia
visitor
Note:
See also tourist, traveller
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Glossary on Migration
voluntary repatriation
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, Master
Glossary of Terms (2006) p. 23.
See also assisted voluntary return and reintegraon, repatriaon,
spontaneous return, voluntary return, return
voluntary return
Source: Adapted from Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, Assisted
Voluntary Return and Reintegraon Handbook (internal publicaon,
unpublished 2010), p. 10.
See also assisted voluntary return and reintegraon, durable soluons
(refugees), return, voluntary repatriaon
vulnerability
Note:
harm and
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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW
See also migrants in vulnerable situaons, vulnerable group
vulnerable group
See also migrants in vulnerable situaons, vulnerability
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war crimes
hors de combat
Source: Adapted from Rome Statute of the Internaonal Criminal Court
((adopted 17 July 1998, entered into force 1 July 2002) 2187 UNTS 3)
Art. 8.
Note:
See also armed conict, deportaon, displacement, exclusion clauses,
internaonal crimes, internaonal humanitarian law
W
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watch list
Source: European Boarder and Coast Guard Agency (FRONTEX), Best
Pracce Technical Guidelines for Automated Border Control (ABC)
Systems (2012) p. 12.
See also lookout list
well-founded fear of persecution
Source: United Naons High Commissioner for Refugees, Master
Glossary of Terms (2006) p. 23.
See also grounds for persecuon, persecuon, refugee (mandate),
refugee (1951 Convenon), standard of proof
worker on an oshore installation
Source: Internaonal Convenon on the Protecon of the Rights of All
Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families ((adopted 18 December
1990, entered into force 1 July 2003) 2220 UNTS 3) Art. 2.2(d).
See also migrant worker
work permit
Note:
See also applicant, migrant worker, permit
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Glossary on Migration
worst forms of child labour
Source: Internaonal Labour Organizaon Convenon (No. 182) on
the Worst Forms of Child Labour ((adopted 17 June 1999, entered into
force 19 November 2000) 2133 UNTS 161) Art. 3.
See also child exploitaon, child labour, child tracking, slavery,
tracking in persons
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X
xenophobia
Source: Adapted from declaraon on Racism, Discriminaon,
Xenophobia and Related Intolerance against Migrants and Tracked
Persons (adopted by the Asia-Pacic NGO Meeng for the World
Conference Against Racism, Racial Discriminaon, Xenophobia and
Related Intolerance, Teheran, 18 February 2001) www.hurights.or.jp/
wcar/E/tehran/migraon.htm (last accessed 12 April 2018).
Note:
See also discriminaon, racial discriminaon, racism
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